Traditionally, compression socks have been used solely for sedentary patients or individuals with venous insufficiency. There has been a trend lately, however, with the use of compression socks to aid in athletic performance in runners and basketball players. So the big question is: Can athletes benefit from compression socks? The theory behind using compression socks to improve training or recovery time after strenuous activity is sound. Compression socks increase venous return, or the rate that blood is returned to your heart. This system is known as the musculo-venous pump and involves the calf muscles in your legs. When squeezed or compressed with compressive socks, this venous return system will function more efficiently, allowing for a faster recovery period for athletes after an arduous workout. 
But what about improving performance? In 2009, a German study was conducted which proved that compressive socks do in fact increase athletic performance for runners undergoing difficult training parameters. Studies in New Zealand and South Africa also concluded that knee high compressive socks could enhance athletic performance. Other studies have suggested increased running efficiency could be achieved utilizing these socks.
Disclaimer: Elite athletes, marathon runners, and professional athletes will most likely not benefit from the use of compressive socks. Based on another German study performed in 2010, it was found that no clear benefit or positive correlation existed between elite athletes’ performance and the use of compressive socks. The good news is that the use of compressive socks will help the novice exercising individual, like you and I. The bad news is that these socks may not provide much of a benefit for the elite or professional athlete, the exception being an added accessory to the uniform. Sorry LeBron, you can still use the compressive socks as another fashion statement.